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2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

J, A. MORRELL. Process of Evaporating, Crystallizing and Refining Sacoharine Solutinns and Producing; Dry Refined Sugar.

No. 242,236. Pafaenmd ma y fii, E33.

Wieww. V

417% M WALM M 2Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. A. MOREELL. Process of Evaporating, Orys'taHizing and Refining Saooharine Solutions and Producing Dry Refinod Sugar PMIQHEQd May 3%, i885,

1 m I E Q iPu'reiN'r p ise-res,

Uih NEW YORK, N. L, ASSIGNOR T0 MOR l't-lfllili SUGAR EVAPORALQR UOM'tANY, 0F SAME PLACE- E's'fliiilid'l'ilt'd, CiiYSTAhLlZliilG, AND REFlillNG SACCHARlNE SOLUTldNS AND PRODUCING DRY REFliiED SUGAR.

Application filed Xnrcinhcr 4, 1880,

them it may comers.-

i iii-noon diet i, J mess it; Museum, of county, 2 id State oi York, have Mn iiugnort-d Process ot'ifl raporuting,

2 and Refining kiacchaiinc Soluis a specification.

.lijth day oi? September, A. .i). 1871, tent ot'theUnitorfl {States were issued to in nmubered 138,875, foran improved proci e for the manufacture of sugar by the useof curr its ct heated and rarefied uir-surchargcd with electricity, passed through the canejuice or other designated iiqnor or substance while raporutien and also on the 22d 1, 1873, Letters Potent of the United issued to me, numbered 141,067, uts in the process of manufac- ,r by passing induced currents of Jetty through the saccharine solutions, whether accompanied by atmospheric currents or not; and iiso on the .fl'd. of September, 1873, Letters Iiatent were issued to me, numbered for the process of fz'ieilitutinggredua :7: tion y currents of e eetricity, and 1 din aware that "fed air has been driven through sugar e uurpeseol' purging r drying the some. rncticai operation of these processes that by deoridizingetinoscdneiii e nitrogenous vapor, and ssechariue solutions at the the process of sugar munutucitcr designuted and described, is bicn to preserr and erystallizein the of the charine properties of the touring ice resiifine or waste in the $116-$5 9i"ill}lti"i 1 skilled in the art to 0p crate iuy' in'iprcrement in the art of sugar-man oscrihe one form oi appainn n-rnionicnt may be opdrawin by letters of uppiieation I do not deccese to any purticuhir form reins, nay make that the subject ture app union. I i a returns of compressed air driven iy it run misting air-pump, A, which forces 'hio urece'i'i'er, 18, provided with it duciug Dry .i-teiined Sugar, or"

l d-W310 forming part of Letters Eetent No. 242,216, dated May 31, 1881.

(No model.)

weighted valve, B, by means oiwhich the pressure and current of air may be regulated where it is heated to a proper degree and then allowed to escape from the coils of this pipe into a receiver, I), which is located inside of the coil and heating-furnace at the bottom of o l u -der a series ofpcrforated plates, 1)", or

racks, having upon them copper and iron and such diverse metals as may be deemed proper to be used, such metals lying loosely orbeing coiled, so that the heated air may be driven through and around them. The compressed air is thus heated, dcoxidized, clcctrized, and converted into a heated dcoxidizcd and electrizcd acrii'orm fluid. At the summitiot' this receiver an exit-pipc, G, is located, which, taking several coils downward around the receiver in the heated portion of the furnace, passes out through its walls, connecting with pipe B Its contained gas or heated aerif'orm fluid, before described, is now ready to beep plied to the various stagcsof the manufacture of sugar, as hereinafter more fully described.

Coils of copper I) may be inserted in thcfurnace and conducting-pipes,which will greatly add to the eleetrizingot the heated acriforin fluid before described.

In crushing the cane to extract or present the cane-juice there is also extracted or, presented and commingled with the cane-juice The air passes large refuse in the form of molasses and sirups.

My first purpose in the art of sugar manic iucture is to avoid this greut waste, which I fully accomplish in the following manner; but i in the process of accomplishing this result I have discovered that I also uccomplisha priimportant result, which I will ing the contained juice to a high degree of temperature, and to contribute more surelyand economically to this rcsuit I insert a round wooden shaft, 1 into the pipe containing the juice cent-rally, which, forcing the juice from the center of the pipe, presents it in a thin tubular body exposed to the pipe E" within the steam-jacket. The effect of this heat, as thus applied direct to the entire mass of the contaiued cane-juice, is to coagulate the albuminous substance of Lhej nice, and entirely dest my the fungous spores in thcjuice, which develop fermentation. \Vhen this feature of the process is properly applied granulation by atniospheric evaporation will occur without fermelr tation.

In my tppara'tus as devised and constructed by me, by means of properly jointed pipes I?" I return the cane-juice, yet in a highly-heated state, fronrthe steam-jacket last described, in a vertically-tipward direction into a disintegrating-tank G, the conducting-pipe terminating by means ct an angle or goose-neck, F in a horizontal position. The end of the pipe is so tlattened as toprrsent an opening, 1*, which vertically is yer-y narrow and gradually increases in see'i ion rearward from the opening it, aiulwhieh.openiiig is longitudinally long or wide and gradually decreases in section rearwardt'rom the opening F. by this device provide for the delivery of the heated canejuice from this pipe in a vertically thin and horizontallybroad film-or sheet. llaeed over and ineasing the flattened opening of this pipe is a proper disintegrating tank, (,r, large, deep, and covered, and provided with an opening protected by a pipe, G, for the escape of the gases which may seek air-escape therefrom. Just below the goose-neck in this vertical conducting-pipe 1*", which contains and conducts the highly-heated cane-juice to this lust-mentioned tank, I form a connection of a pipe, 13', eontainingthe liighly-hcated acriform tluid, which is, as I have before stated, under a regula ted pressure. lroper stopcoeks A A A A are inserted in these pipes, by which the tlow 0t cane-juice, steam, or heated aeritorm fluid may be regulated or suspended;

When all oftheabove-mentioned stop-cocks are properly opened the ctt'ect is as follows: The cane-juice is quickly and intensely heated in the steam-jacket i the albuminous substances therein are coagulatcd, and the fun gens spores are destroyed. The juice News to the flattened opening I! of the pipe h", and theliighly-heated aeriform fluid under great pressure and with great; force disintegrates the eoagulated masses of albuminous substance Without its embracing any of the saccharine ire ierties of the eane' uice and at the same time producing evaporation, and thus, without loss of any of the valuable properties of the cane-juice, the alinuninous substance is liber ated from the saccharine properties. The objectof liberating thealbnmineus substance, as above described, is to prevent; the formation of molasses, or what, in piant'atii'in terms, is called glucose.

The disiutegraiing-tanl; it is connected wit: a receiving-tank, (l'-, by proper pipes G. into which the canejuice is permitted to dew and rest until the coagulated and disintegrated aibnminous substance has become fully preeipi tatcd. A tiller, ti, may be interposed in this pipe (i to assist clarification.

Ata properplacein thereceiving tank above thesediment ll',lattach a eonductirig-pipe, ii, i

which extends downward and terminates in a coupling-piece, lb, about one-half an inch in diameter. This coupling-piece enters one end of a pipe, ll, which is reduced to about one inch in diameter. This pipe may be some ten feet long, and at its other end eonneettal by a returirjoint, it", with a similar pipe, it", et about the same length. These two pipes thus attached are placed in :tSi'QtilH-jtitjktii, l', with their free ends extending out of and through the cap or cover of the same. The returned end ofthis pipe i1 is bent downward, as shown at 1, into a deep tank, 1 This taut; is also covered and provided with an opening, l. tliini entering end ii" is reduced to about. threefourths of an inch in diameter and connected by proper pipes .13 and 13, provided with stopcocks K and K, with the main pipe lead from the furnace containing the heated. aeriforni tluid before described. The coupiing piece IPconducting the cane-juice is connect ti with the pipe H just immediately in front oi the reduced connection E1" of the pipe B.

The set of stop-cocks A, A", K, and K be ing opened, the opeation is as tciiows: The cane-juice from the receiving-tank G tiewsiute theenteringeud ot the steam-jacketed pipe is, the steam from the pipe I" entering the steam jacket I ct'nitribntes to heating the juice, and th'eintensely-hea ted acriterm tinid, undergreat. pressure, atomizes the juice, absorbing a great part of the oxygen, and converting the remain ing water into steam, and drives all. with great force and rapidity through the return-pipe iii into the deep tank .i'-, from which the steam. and gases are permitted to freely e.-a..ape ,leaving thejuice in the vat in a highlyheaied and greatly-evaporated condition.

This process, when properly conducted, as above described, will reduce the Untitjtiitjti to a proper condition to be introduced into the granula t ing vacuum-pan. The vacuumpan M is prt'iperly connected by coiulacting-pipes L, connecting itwith the lasemeut-iened receiving-tank l? in such a manner that when the interposing stop-cocks ii and if are opened the contents of tho receivingvat i will iiew into the vacuum-pan M. This vacuum-pan is of aspherieal form, provided with a blast-draft b at."

. IExtcnding through the ends of below. The bottom of this drying-receptacle is semi-cylindrical, and is provided with a steamjacket, N, for keeping up the heat of the mass contained in. it. It is also provided with a large opening,hl in its bottom, andby a large pipe, P, connected with a sugar-receptacle, 1?, below, and also provided with a blast-d raft, it", to remove all steam and vapors which may be evolved in it. 3

the dryingreceptacle, and on the line of the axis of its 'seini-cylilidric bottom, is a tubular shaft, R, to

. which are connected tubular arms It at proper ntervals, upon which are connected series of tubular bars R all iutercommunicating and perforated with small holes, and so connected, constructed, and arranged that as this tubular shaft is revolved, having first been placed by proper pipes B and connections 1'3 in conncctiou with the main pipe B containing the heated dcoxidized and eleetrizcd aeriform fluid, before described, the latter will continually escape through all of the openings in the arms and bars of this rcrolrin g shaft.

lhc operation and eli'ect oi. this feature of the process is this: Motion being communi' catcd to the shalt it, and the heated aerit'orm 'fiuid, before mentioned, being turned on, the blast R applied, and the steam introduced into the steam-jacket N, the sugar is most'completcly crystallized, refined, and dried. When this has been conducted to a proper degree or extent the sugar is dumped through thelarge opening N and pipe 1, before described, in to tho sugarreceptaclc P. This sugar-receptacle is so coi'lstructed that it can be closed airtight after the sugar has been placed in it. The beneficial results of this last-mentioned feature of my process is that by the sugar being placed in an a intightreceptaclc, as itcomes in a'highly-hoated state from the crystallizing and drying receptacle N, oxidation, discoloration, and deterioration are avoided while the sugar is cooling, after which, under proper conditions, when manufactured by my process, the sugar will preserve its properties and condltion; but it this sugar, upon coming from this dryingrcceptaclc N in a completely dried and highly-heated condition, be exposed to the air, it will absorb moisture and become somewhat dcliqucscent. v

In the old methods the sugar comes from the drying devices in a highly dcliqucsccnt conditi'ou, andreq uircs atmospheric evaporation and manipulation to prevent its becoming a hard cued mass, and to com plctcthe drying process ment which is the subject of the present ap;

pliealionis distinguished from that by the ad ditional operation and feature of. deoxidizing the air, as well as heating and electrizing it. Also, in my pal ent of July 22,1873, No. 1 4i ,068, I described a process for introducing heated air into the body of the cane-juice to destroy the l'nugous spores which develop fermentation. ln-lhe present application I dcscribea process for introducing the heated air in such a manner as to atomize the cane-juice and disintegrate the coagulated alhnuiinous. substance therein contained.

By the proper employment of thesc'seye al processes, or several features or stages of a process, in the manufacture of sugar I avoid the use of lime or an y other substance for neutralizing purposes. I also. avoid the use of blood or animal albumen for defecating purposes. I do not add to the canejuice any drug or foreign substance in any stage of the manut'acture of sn gar or molasses, and by my process, as herein describethl am enabled to eliminate all foreign and deleterious substances which may be in the cane-j nice, as "first presented from the cane, without the loss oi any of the saccharine properties of the juice. I avoid fermentation and the formation of glucose, with allot their attending losses. I provide a most economic andctfcctualsystemofcvaporation. lprodncc a sugar, as a result, that is thoroughly crystallized, dried, and retincd; and, finally, I avoid the great losses by drainage of the sugar, which are well known to be a large percentage of the whole amount as produced by the old systems.

I disclaim, in this case, any process in which a saccharine liquid is blown through an externally-heated tube or conduit into a vessel provided with a vent for the escape of vapors, and the apparatus therefor, as shown in the draw ings and described in the specification.

Having thus described my process and one l'ornrol' apparatus for-operating it, what I claim as anew and useful improvement in the art of mannliac'turing sugar is-- .l. lhe process of separating albumen from cane-juice and liberating the saccharine matter which consists in heating the juice and admittmg to the flowing juice 'a current of heatcd"'aeritorm tluid, and forcing the juice through a contracted opening, thus atomizing the liquid, evaporating the water, and disintegrating the albumen.

2. 1n the manufacture ct sugar, alter the evaporationot'thccanc-juice nearly to the point mass currents of heated dcoxidiced aerit'ormiluid.

3. In the manufacture ofsugar, after evaporation of the cane-juice nearly to the point of granulation, the process ot'granulating the same which consists in forcing through the mass currents of heated tleoxitlizetl and electrized aeriforin fluid.

4. In themanufactureof sugar, after the granulation of the saccharine mass nearly to the pointot' crystallization,theprocess of crystallizing and drying the sugar which consists in forcing through the masscnrrents otthe heated aeriform fluid described, and simultaneously agitating the mass.

5. Inthemanufactnre ol'sugar, after the gran ulation of the saccharine mass nearly to the point of crystallization, the process of crystallizing and drying the sugar which consists in forcing through the mass currents of heated and deoxitlizedaeriform fluid, and simultaneously agitating the mass.

6. In the manufacture oi'su gar, after the granforcing through the mass currents of heated.

tICOXitliZQtl and electrizedaeriform fluid, and

simultaneously agitating the mass.

7. In the manufacture of sugar in which the saccharine matter is heated with currents of lieatedileoxitlizetl antlelect-rized air, the process of preventing the sugar from oxidizing, discoloring, and becoming deliquescent which consists in placing the sugar in a closed receptacle for the purpose of cooling the mass.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JAS. A. MORRELL.

Witnesses:

W. N. SEVERANCE, Jno. G. Mason. 

